Is Itching a Symptom of Diabetes? Why Your Skin Feels Like It’s Burning

It starts as a mild tickle on your calf. You scratch it without thinking.

Ten minutes later, it is back.

By the evening, you are furiously scratching your arms, your legs, and maybe even more private areas. Your skin looks red, dry, and angry.

You apply expensive moisturizers, slather on coconut oil, and maybe even take an anti-allergy pill. But the itch returns the moment the cream wears off.

You might wonder: “Did I change my laundry detergent? Is it the dry winter air?”

The question is: “Is itching a symptom of diabetes?”

The answer is Yes. In fact, persistent itching (Pruritus) is one of the most common—yet overlooked—skin signs of high blood sugar.1

While healthy people get itchy from mosquito bites or dry weather, a diabetic itch is different. It is relentless. It often comes with no visible rash. And it is usually a sign that your glucose levels are feeding bacteria or drying out your body from the inside out.

In this comprehensive guide, we are going to explore the “Diabetic Itch.” We will explain why yeast loves your sugar, why your nerves might be playing tricks on you, and the specific lotions you need to finally get some relief.

The Three Root Causes: Why Does Sugar Make You Itch?

Diabetes attacks your skin on three different fronts. Identifying which one is causing your itch is the first step to fixing it.

1. The “Dehydration” Itch (Xerosis)

This is the most common cause.

• The Mechanism: As we discussed in previous articles, high blood sugar makes you urinate frequently (Polyuria).² Your body loses fluids rapidly.
• The Result: Your skin is the first organ to lose water. It becomes dry, flaky, and cracked.
• The Sensation: A generalized itch all over the body, but usually worse on the Lower Legs (Shins).

2. The “Fungal” Itch (Yeast Infection)³

Bacteria and fungus need food to grow.⁴ Their favorite food is Sugar.

• The Mechanism: When your blood sugar is high, traces of glucose appear in your sweat and urine.
• The Result: Warm, moist areas of your body become a buffet for yeast (Candida).
• The Locations: You will feel intense itching in the groin, underarms, under the breasts (in women), and between the toes. This often comes with a white, peeling rash.

3. The “Phantom” Itch (Neuropathy)

This is the trickiest one. Sometimes, there is nothing wrong with your skin at all.

• The Mechanism: High sugar damages the nerve fibers in the skin.⁵
• The Result: The damaged nerves send false signals to the brain. They scream “Itch!” when there is no bug, no dryness, and no rash.
• The Sensation: You scratch until you bleed, but because the itch is “inside” the nerve, scratching provides no relief.

Itch vs. Allergy: How to Tell the Difference

Is it a reaction to your soap, or is it diabetes?

Specific Diabetic Skin Conditions

If the itching comes with visible bumps or spots, it might be one of these specific conditions:

1. Eruptive Xanthomatosis

• What it is: Yellow, pea-like bumps surrounded by a red halo.
• Cause: Extremely high cholesterol and triglycerides mixed with uncontrolled diabetes.
• Sensation: These bumps are incredibly itchy.⁶
• Fix: Controlling fats and sugar makes them disappear.

2. Necrobiosis Lipoidica

• What it is: Shiny, raised red or yellow patches, usually on the shins.⁷
• Sensation: While often painless, the edges can be very itchy and painful if they crack open.

3. Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)

• What it is: A fungal infection between the toes.
• Sensation: Severe burning and itching. In diabetics, this is dangerous because cracks can let bacteria in, leading to foot ulcers.

Real-Life Scenario

Let’s meet Mr. Reddy, a 50-year-old bank manager.

The Symptom:

Mr. Reddy spent his days sitting in an air-conditioned office. He started noticing a severe itch in his groin area (“Jock Itch”). He bought an over-the-counter steroid cream. It worked for 2 days, but the itch came back worse, spreading to his thighs.

The Diagnosis:

He visited a dermatologist. The doctor took one look and asked: “When was your last sugar test?”

Mr. Reddy was confused. “It’s a skin infection, doctor, not diabetes.”

The doctor explained that Steroids feed fungus if the underlying cause is high sugar.

His test result: Fasting Sugar 190 mg/dL.

The Fix:

• He stopped the steroid cream.
• He started an antifungal cream (Clotrimazole).
• Most importantly, he started Metformin to lower his sugar.
• Result: The “uncurable” itch vanished in 10 days because the fungus starved to death.

Expert Contribution

We consulted dermatologists to stop the scratch cycle.

Dr. N. Shah, Dermatologist:

“I see patients who have scratched their legs raw. They use Dettol or hot water to ‘kill the germs.’ This is the worst thing you can do. Hot water strips the natural oils, making the diabetic dry skin worse.8 I prescribe Urea-based moisturizers and lukewarm baths. And I send them to an endocrinologist.”

Endocrinologist Perspective:

“If a woman has recurrent vaginal itching (Thrush) despite hygiene, it is almost always a sugar issue. The glucose in the urine alters the pH balance of the vagina. Treating the itch without treating the sugar is useless—it will just come back next month.”

Recommendations Grounded in Proven Research and Facts

If you are itching right now, here is your relief plan:

1. Stop the Hot Baths:
   • Action: Bathe in lukewarm water. Limit showers to 10 minutes.
   • Why: Hot water evaporates quickly and strips the skin’s lipid barrier.
2. The “3-Minute” Rule:
   • Action: Apply moisturizer within 3 minutes of stepping out of the bath, while your skin is still slightly damp.⁹
   • Why: This locks the water into your skin. Using lotion on bone-dry skin is far less effective.
3. Choose the Right Cream:
   • Don’t just use fancy smelly lotions. Look for ingredients like Ceramides, Urea, or Ammonium Lactate. These repair the skin barrier. Plain Coconut Oil is also excellent for sealing in moisture.¹⁰
4. Dry Carefully:
   • After washing, dry between your toes and in your groin area thoroughly. Any moisture left there becomes a home for fungus. Use a hair dryer on a cool setting if needed.
5. Don’t Scratch!:
   • This is hard, but scratching creates micro-tears.¹¹ In a diabetic, these tears can get infected by Staph bacteria, turning a simple itch into a dangerous boil or ulcer. Tap the area instead of scratching.

Key Takeaways

• Yes, Itching is a Symptom: It is caused by dehydration, fungus, or poor circulation.¹²
• Look for Fungus: Itchy groin, feet, or underarms usually means a yeast infection fed by sugar.
• Dryness is Systemic: High sugar pulls water from the skin; drink more water to hydrate from within.¹³
• Don’t ignore the Shins: Itchy lower legs are a classic sign of diabetic dryness.
• The Fix: Control sugar first. Then use Urea creams and avoid hot water.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can diabetes cause itching without a rash?

Yes. This is usually Xerosis (Dry Skin) or Neuropathic Itch. If your sugar is high, your skin can feel incredibly itchy all over without a single red bump or spot visible. This is a sign of internal dehydration or nerve irritation.

Is itching a sign of kidney failure in diabetes?

It can be. In advanced diabetes, if the kidneys start to fail (Diabetic Nephropathy), waste products like urea build up in the blood. This causes Uremic Pruritus—a deep, maddening itch that often gets worse at night. If you have diabetes and a severe, all-over itch, get a Kidney Function Test (KFT).

Does Metformin cause itching?

Rarely. Some people are allergic to Metformin (or the fillers in the pill) and develop a rash or itchiness.¹⁴ However, for most people, Metformin reduces itching by lowering the blood sugar that causes the problem.

Why do my feet itch at night?

This is often a mix of Neuropathy and Heat. At night, there are fewer distractions, so you notice the nerve signals more. Also, if you have athlete’s foot (fungus), the warmth of the blanket makes the fungus more active and itchy.

What soap is best for diabetic skin?

Avoid harsh antibacterial soaps (unless prescribed for an infection) as they dry out the skin.¹⁵ Use mild, fragrance-free cleansers or moisturizing body washes (like Dove or Cetaphil) that protect the skin’s natural oil barrier.¹⁶+1

References:

1. American Academy of Dermatology: Diabetes Warning Signs on Skin. Link
2. Diabetes.co.uk: Itching and Diabetes. Link
3. Mayo Clinic: Diabetic Neuropathy. Link
4. Cleveland Clinic: Pruritus (Itching). Link
5. Journal of General Internal Medicine: Skin manifestations of Diabetes. Link

(Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only. If you have a non-healing sore or an itch that keeps you awake at night, consult a dermatologist.)